G Ouvrard, F Leroux, GR Goward, and LF Nazar (2000)
EXAFS study of the tin coordination change upon lithiation of SnO and tin oxide glasses
In: INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS FOR BATTERY MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS, ed. by Nazri, GA and Thackeray, M and Ohzuku, T, vol. 99(24), pp. 265-271, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div; Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div. ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES (ISBN: 1-56677-247-8).
The behavior of TCO and SnO on electrochemical Li uptake and removal has been studied using ex-situ EXAFS spectroscopy. These results indicate that in both cases Sn clusters are formed on initial discharge, in which, or at the surface of them if they are sufficiently small, a significant number of oxygen atoms are coordinated. The lower Sn coordination number for TCO as compared to SnO indicates that the particles are much smaller. The RDF obtained on full discharge (to 10mV) in SnO, followed by removal of about 1/3 of the Li on charge shows that the oxygen contribution is absent at deep discharge but is readily recovered on charge. The high degree of disorder in the TCO precludes definitive EXAFS analysis, but suggests that some oxygen may be maintained in the Sn coordination shell even at full discharge.
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